This branch focuses on the natural features of the Earth, including landforms, climate, weather patterns, ecosystems, and the distribution of plant and animal life. Physical geography explores processes such as erosion, plate tectonics, and the formation of natural features like mountains and valleys.
Cartography: Cartography is the art and science of map-making, which plays a vital role in representing geographical information and aiding navigation.
Urban Geography: Urban geography studies the spatial patterns and processes of cities and urban areas, examining topics such as urbanization, city planning, and the social and economic characteristics of urban spaces.
Geopolitics: Geopolitics explores the relationships between geography, power, and international politics, often examining the influence of geography on the strategies and interactions of nations.
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